Former South African President Jacob Zuma appears in a courtroom in Durban, South Africa, in April 2018. He has pleaded not guilty to multiple charges of fraud, racketeering and corruption relating to an arms deal in the late 1990s.
In photos: Jacob Zuma's embattled political career
Former South African President Jacob Zuma appears in a courtroom in Durban, South Africa, in April 2018. He has pleaded not guilty to multiple charges of fraud, racketeering and corruption relating to an arms deal in the late 1990s.
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Updated 2:59 PM EDT, Wed August 11, 2021

Jacob Zuma was South Africa's president for nearly a decade. As head of the party that led South Africa out of apartheid, Zuma won elections in 2009 and 2014, and he was once widely celebrated as a key figure in the country's liberation movement.

But he was also dogged by criminal investigations, and his time in power was marred by allegations of high-level corruption. Dubbed the "Teflon" President, Zuma survived a half-dozen no-confidence votes before finally resigning in February 2018.

Zuma now faces multiple charges of fraud, racketeering and corruption relating to an arms deal in the late 1990s. He has pleaded not guilty and denied the accusations against him.

Zuma is serving a 15-month prison sentence for contempt of court after he refused to appear at an anti-corruption commission to face allegations. His incarceration triggered some of the worst unrest of the post-apartheid era in South Africa.

On August 6, the country's Department of Correctional Services said in a statement that Zuma had been admitted to an outside hospital for medical observation.

In 1991, Zuma casts a vote for the ANC's new national executive. The ANC is the African National Congress, the political party that has led South Africa since the end of apartheid. For many years, the ANC and other opposition parties were banned in South Africa.
In 1991, Zuma casts a vote for the ANC's new national executive. The ANC is the African National Congress, the political party that has led South Africa since the end of apartheid. For many years, the ANC and other opposition parties were banned in South Africa.
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Zuma campaigns with ANC leader Nelson Mandela, left, during South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994. Mandela was elected President. Zuma became the ANC's national chairman later that year.
Zuma campaigns with ANC leader Nelson Mandela, left, during South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994. Mandela was elected President. Zuma became the ANC's national chairman later that year.
Andy Hall/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
President Mandela is flanked by Zuma and Deputy President Thabo Mbeki, left, at the ANC's National Congress in 1997. At this conference, Mandela announced that he would be stepping down as president of the ANC and leaving it to Mbeki. Zuma would become the party's deputy president. After Mbeki was elected to be the country's President in 1999, Zuma was appointed as his deputy.
President Mandela is flanked by Zuma and Deputy President Thabo Mbeki, left, at the ANC's National Congress in 1997. At this conference, Mandela announced that he would be stepping down as president of the ANC and leaving it to Mbeki. Zuma would become the party's deputy president. After Mbeki was elected to be the country's President in 1999, Zuma was appointed as his deputy.
Walter Dhladhla/AFP/Getty Images
In 2005, a South African court found businessman Schabir Shaik guilty of bribing Zuma between 1995 and 2002. Zuma, seen here replying to a question in Parliament, was fired by President Mbaki over his alleged involvement in the bribery scandal.
In 2005, a South African court found businessman Schabir Shaik guilty of bribing Zuma between 1995 and 2002. Zuma, seen here replying to a question in Parliament, was fired by President Mbaki over his alleged involvement in the bribery scandal.
Rodger Bosch/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma leaves the Johannesburg High Court in February 2006. He had been charged with raping a young family friend; he claimed the sex was consensual. Zuma was acquitted a few months later.
Zuma leaves the Johannesburg High Court in February 2006. He had been charged with raping a young family friend; he claimed the sex was consensual. Zuma was acquitted a few months later.
Alexander Joe/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma is congratulated by his attorney after his acquittal in May 2006.
Zuma is congratulated by his attorney after his acquittal in May 2006.
Jon Hrusa/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma addresses supporters outside the court in Pietermaritzburg in September 2006. A South African judge on Wednesday threw out corruption charges against Zuma, boosting the popular politician's bid to succeed President Thabo Mbeki.
Zuma addresses supporters outside the court in Pietermaritzburg in September 2006. A South African judge on Wednesday threw out corruption charges against Zuma, boosting the popular politician's bid to succeed President Thabo Mbeki.
Stringer/Reuters/Newscom
Zuma gives an interview the day after his acquittal. He apologized to the nation and launched a bid for the presidency.
Zuma gives an interview the day after his acquittal. He apologized to the nation and launched a bid for the presidency.
Alexander Joe/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma, right, is congratulated by Mbeki after defeating him to become the new president of the ANC in December 2007.
Zuma, right, is congratulated by Mbeki after defeating him to become the new president of the ANC in December 2007.
Alexander Joe/AFP/Getty Images
From left, Zuma, Mandela and Mbeki arrive on stage for Mandela's 90th birthday celebration in August 2008.
From left, Zuma, Mandela and Mbeki arrive on stage for Mandela's 90th birthday celebration in August 2008.
Gianluigi Guercia/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma sings and dances after a speech at a rally in February 2009. Zuma was elected as South Africa's President a couple of months later.
Zuma sings and dances after a speech at a rally in February 2009. Zuma was elected as South Africa's President a couple of months later.
Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images
Zuma takes an oath during his inauguration in May 2009.
Zuma takes an oath during his inauguration in May 2009.
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US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton addresses journalists next to Zuma in August 2009. The two met in Durban, South Africa.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton addresses journalists next to Zuma in August 2009. The two met in Durban, South Africa.
Themba Hadebe/AP
Zuma addresses the United Nations General Assembly in September 2009.
Zuma addresses the United Nations General Assembly in September 2009.
Rick Gershon/Getty Images
Zuma signs a blackboard in October 2009, pledging South Africa's support for a global campaign to ensure education for all the world's children.
Zuma signs a blackboard in October 2009, pledging South Africa's support for a global campaign to ensure education for all the world's children.
Foto24/Gallo Images/Getty Images
Zuma sings and dances with his new wife, Thobeka Mabhija, at their wedding ceremony in January 2010. It was the fifth marriage for the polygamous Zuma.
Zuma sings and dances with his new wife, Thobeka Mabhija, at their wedding ceremony in January 2010. It was the fifth marriage for the polygamous Zuma.
Rajesh Jantilal/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma inspects the troops at a ceremonial welcome in London in March 2010.
Zuma inspects the troops at a ceremonial welcome in London in March 2010.
Dominic Lipinski/WPA Pool/Getty Images
Zuma looks at a chess set with Britain's Queen Elizabeth II during his state visit in 2010. The chess set had been given to the Queen by Nelson Mandela in 1996.
Zuma looks at a chess set with Britain's Queen Elizabeth II during his state visit in 2010. The chess set had been given to the Queen by Nelson Mandela in 1996.
Kirsty Wigglesworth/WPA Pool/Getty Images
Zuma and FIFA President Sepp Blatter address the crowd before the opening match of the 2010 World Cup. South Africa was the first African country to host the tournament.
Zuma and FIFA President Sepp Blatter address the crowd before the opening match of the 2010 World Cup. South Africa was the first African country to host the tournament.
Cameron Spencer/Getty Images
Zuma, left, and Sky Sports commentator Chris Kamara play a charity soccer match in Cape Town, South Africa, in July 2010.
Zuma, left, and Sky Sports commentator Chris Kamara play a charity soccer match in Cape Town, South Africa, in July 2010.
Clive Mason/Getty Images
Zuma shakes hands with Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner at a G20 Summit in Seoul, South Korea, in November 2010.
Zuma shakes hands with Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner at a G20 Summit in Seoul, South Korea, in November 2010.
Yonhap News/Getty Images
Zuma addresses dignitaries during the opening ceremony of an International Olympic Committee session in July 2011. The IOC was meeting to decide which city would host the 2018 Winter Games.
Zuma addresses dignitaries during the opening ceremony of an International Olympic Committee session in July 2011. The IOC was meeting to decide which city would host the 2018 Winter Games.
Jasper Juinen/Getty Images
Zuma greets American civil-rights activist Jesse Jackson at a ceremony in Bloemfontein, South Africa, in January 2012.
Zuma greets American civil-rights activist Jesse Jackson at a ceremony in Bloemfontein, South Africa, in January 2012.
Sunday Times/Gallo Images/Getty Images
Zuma toasts his 70th birthday in April 2012.
Zuma toasts his 70th birthday in April 2012.
Foto24/Gallo Images/Getty Images
Zuma looks at Cyril Ramaphosa after Ramaphosa was elected deputy president of the ANC in December 2012. Zuma was re-elected as the party's president.
Zuma looks at Cyril Ramaphosa after Ramaphosa was elected deputy president of the ANC in December 2012. Zuma was re-elected as the party's president.
Leon Sadiki/City Press/Gallo Images/Getty Images
Zuma sings during a send-off ceremony for former President Nelson Mandela, who died in December 2013 at the age of 95.
Zuma sings during a send-off ceremony for former President Nelson Mandela, who died in December 2013 at the age of 95.
Oli Scarff/Getty Images
Zuma unveils a giant statue of Mandela at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa, in December 2013.
Zuma unveils a giant statue of Mandela at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa, in December 2013.
Oli Scarff/Getty Images
Zuma and his wife Thobeka Mabhija, right, pose with then Zimbabwean President <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/31/africa/gallery/robert-mugabe/index.html" target="_blank">Robert Mugabe</a> and his wife, Grace, as they meet in Pretoria in April 2015.
Zuma and his wife Thobeka Mabhija, right, pose with then Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe and his wife, Grace, as they meet in Pretoria in April 2015.
Stefan Heunis/AFP/Getty Images
US President Barack Obama jokes with Zuma during a New York luncheon hosted by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in September 2015.
US President Barack Obama jokes with Zuma during a New York luncheon hosted by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in September 2015.
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Zuma poses for a photo following a television interview in October 2015.
Zuma poses for a photo following a television interview in October 2015.
Waldo Swiegers/Bloomberg/Getty Images
Zuma and Obama shake hands before a group photo at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou, China, in September 2016. In November of that year, a report was published that contained <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/02/africa/south-africa-pretoria-zuma-protests/" target="_blank">corruption allegations against Zuma. </a>Zuma denied any wrongdoing. He also <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/10/africa/jacob-zuma-no-confidence-vote/" target="_blank">avoided a vote of no-confidence</a> in Parliament. It was the third time in less than a year that Zuma had faced such a vote.
Zuma and Obama shake hands before a group photo at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou, China, in September 2016. In November of that year, a report was published that contained corruption allegations against Zuma. Zuma denied any wrongdoing. He also avoided a vote of no-confidence in Parliament. It was the third time in less than a year that Zuma had faced such a vote.
Lintao Zhang/Getty Images
Zuma talks on his cell phone during a G20 session in Hamburg, Germany, in July 2017. A month later, <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/08/africa/zuma-south-africa-vote/index.html" target="_blank">he survived an ouster attempt</a> in his country's National Assembly. A motion of no-confidence was defeated by 198 votes to 177.
Zuma talks on his cell phone during a G20 session in Hamburg, Germany, in July 2017. A month later, he survived an ouster attempt in his country's National Assembly. A motion of no-confidence was defeated by 198 votes to 177.
Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images
Zuma attends an African Union summit in January 2018. In 2017, South Africa's Constitutional Court ordered Zuma to repay millions of dollars in public funds spent on refurbishing his private homestead.
Zuma attends an African Union summit in January 2018. In 2017, South Africa's Constitutional Court ordered Zuma to repay millions of dollars in public funds spent on refurbishing his private homestead.
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Zuma <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/14/africa/jacob-zuma-resigns-as-south-africa-president-intl/index.html">announces his resignation </a>during a nationally televised address in February 2018. "No life should be lost in my name and also the ANC should never be divided in my name," he said. "I have therefore come to the decision to resign as President of the Republic with immediate effect." The ANC had been trying to push Zuma out for months. It dumped him as party president in December 2017, narrowly electing Cyril Ramaphosa over Zuma's preferred successor, his ex-wife and former cabinet minister, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.
Zuma announces his resignation during a nationally televised address in February 2018. "No life should be lost in my name and also the ANC should never be divided in my name," he said. "I have therefore come to the decision to resign as President of the Republic with immediate effect." The ANC had been trying to push Zuma out for months. It dumped him as party president in December 2017, narrowly electing Cyril Ramaphosa over Zuma's preferred successor, his ex-wife and former cabinet minister, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.
Phill Magakoe/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma sits in the dock at the High Court in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in November 2018. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/06/africa/south-africa-jacob-zuma-court-intl/index.html" target="_blank">He was charged with 16 counts of corruption, money laundering and racketeering</a> stemming from a billion-dollar government arms deal. He has denied all the allegations against him.
Zuma sits in the dock at the High Court in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in November 2018. He was charged with 16 counts of corruption, money laundering and racketeering stemming from a billion-dollar government arms deal. He has denied all the allegations against him.
Rogan Ward/Pool/AP
Zuma addresses hundreds of local residents in Shakaskraal, South Africa, in April 2019.
Zuma addresses hundreds of local residents in Shakaskraal, South Africa, in April 2019.
Rajesh Jantilal/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma attends his trial in May 2019. He has pleaded not guilty to the charges against him.
Zuma attends his trial in May 2019. He has pleaded not guilty to the charges against him.
Themba Hadebe/Pool/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma arrives to appear before the Commission of Inquiry into State Capture, which was probing wide-ranging allegations of corruption in government and state-owned companies, in July 2019.
Zuma arrives to appear before the Commission of Inquiry into State Capture, which was probing wide-ranging allegations of corruption in government and state-owned companies, in July 2019.
Mike Hutchings/Pool/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma bows toward the casket of the late Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe during a farewell ceremony in Harare, Zimbabwe, in September 2019.
Zuma bows toward the casket of the late Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe during a farewell ceremony in Harare, Zimbabwe, in September 2019.
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Zuma arrives for his trial in May 2021.
Zuma arrives for his trial in May 2021.
Phill Magakoe/Pool/AFP/Getty Images
Zuma addresses supporters at his home in Nkandla, South Africa, in July 2021. In June, South Africa's highest court found Zuma guilty of contempt of court and <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/jacob-zuma-contempt-sentencing-intl/index.html" target="_blank">sentenced him to 15 months in prison.</a> The order stemmed from Zuma's refusal to appear at an anti-corruption commission to answer questions about his alleged involvement in corruption during his time as president. <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/04/africa/jacob-zuma-courts-south-africa-intl/index.html" target="_blank">Zuma likened his treatment to apartheid-era detention without trial.</a>
Zuma addresses supporters at his home in Nkandla, South Africa, in July 2021. In June, South Africa's highest court found Zuma guilty of contempt of court and sentenced him to 15 months in prison. The order stemmed from Zuma's refusal to appear at an anti-corruption commission to answer questions about his alleged involvement in corruption during his time as president. Zuma likened his treatment to apartheid-era detention without trial.
Shiraaz Mohamed/AP
Zuma appears virtually from the Estcourt correctional service facility in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in July 2021. He was <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/20/africa/zuma-corruption-trial-adjourned-intl/index.html" target="_blank">seeking a further delay in his corruption trial.</a>
Zuma appears virtually from the Estcourt correctional service facility in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in July 2021. He was seeking a further delay in his corruption trial.
South Africa Judiciary/AP