Russian jets keep buzzing U.S. ships and planes. What can the U.S. do?

When asked why the Russian plane was not shot down, a senior military official told CNN that "the Russians were dangerous but did not demonstrate hostile intent and were unarmed."

On Saturday, U.S. European Command, which oversees U.S. military operations in Europe, said that a Russian interceptor flew within 50 feet of an American reconnaissance aircraft, a maneuver the U.S. military described as "unsafe and unprofessional."

Russia's Defense Ministry said that reports on Thursday's incident were "not consistent with reality" and that the Russian aircraft's maneuvers had been "performed strictly in accordance with the international regulations on the use of airspace."

Both incidents took place in the Baltic Sea.

The U.S. Navy does not publicly discuss its rules of engagement in order to prevent adversaries from using them to their advantage.

But a Navy official told CNN that "every commanding officer of a U.S. Navy ship is empowered to make the decision regarding the self-defense of the ship and its crew."

The official added that in the case of the Cook, "The commanding officer recognized that the flight patterns were unsafe and unprofessional but did not feel threatened and therefore did not engage with tactical weapons."

Retired Navy Capt. Rick Hoffman lauded the performance of the ship's commanding officer, telling CNN that the "destroyer captain exercised extreme professionalism and extreme restraint."

Hoffman, who commanded a frigate and a cruiser during his time in the Navy, said that the Russian action was probably "sufficient" to justify a shoot-down. But he added, "in this particular case, from my perspective, I think he took all the right action and demonstrated calm professionalism."

As to why Russia has engaged in these type of aerial maneuvers, Hoffman said that "President (Vladimir) Putin is clearly playing domestic politics."

Heather Conley of the Center for Strategic and International Studies agreed, telling CNN, "This highly risky behavior seems to be an attempt to cause or create an accident or incident. Perhaps Mr. Putin believes he needs to divert the Russian people's attention away their economic troubles."

She added, "To America's European allies, the Kremlin is messaging that the U.S. cannot protect them from Russia if Russia wants to do something to them militarily."

But close observers say the U.S. shooting down a Russian plane is very unlikely, and very undesirable.

"Those ships are very sophisticated. We can make decisions about whether they live or die from great distances, with great speed, but we don't want to do that unless it's absolutely necessary and it's absolutely supported by our rules of engagement," Hoffman said.

Conley said that the only way the U.S. would shoot down a plane in this situation is if the Russians actually shot first.

Even if the U.S. were to take such action, Hoffman doubted that it would lead to full-scale conflict between the U.S. and Russia.

"Would this precipitate general war with Russia? I don't believe so. But It would be very, very unfortunate for everybody, everybody involved," he said.

In November tensions between Russia and NATO-member Turkey ratcheted after the Turkish military downed a Russian aircraft that Turkey said had violated its airspace after crossing the Syria-Turkish border. The incident led to some economic sanctions and the severing of military ties between the two countries.

Conley noted that there had been a marked increase in these type of incidents.

In January a Russian jet fighter came within 20 feet of a U.S. RC-135 reconnaissance aircraft flying over the Black Sea. In October, U.S. Navy jets intercepted two Russian Tu-142 aircraft that were flying near the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan in the Pacific Ocean.

In an incident in June, a Russian Su-24 jet flew within 500 meters -- 1,640 feet -- of a U.S. guided-missile destroyer that was sailing in the Black Sea near Crimea.

"Some believe this is Russia's response to recent decision to quadruple U.S. defense spending in Europe and the increase of equipment and personnel in Europe," Conley said.

President Barack Obama and Putin spoke over the phone Monday but the recent military encounters were not discussed, according to White House spokesman Josh Earnest

The U.S. Navy told CNN Monday that the Cook continues to operate in the Baltic Sea.

"The United States is not going to be intimidated," Kerry said.