The impact of the 1960 JFK-Nixon debate - CNN Politics

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The great debate: Kennedy vs. Nixon

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The first televised U.S. presidential debate happened on September 26, 1960

A youthful and healthy-looking JFK won the TV debate over Nixon

About 40% of Americans tuned into the "Great Debates" of 1960 between Kennedy and Nixon

Editor’s Note: Explore America’s most dramatic presidential elections on CNN’s Original Series “Race for the White House,” narrated by Kevin Spacey, Sundays at 9 p.m. ET. The article below first published in 2004.

(CNN) —

On radio, most pundits and polls scored the September 26, 1960, debate between presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy a draw, with some giving the Republican contender the edge.

But on television, it was no contest.

Throughout the 60-minute program set in a Chicago TV studio, the 43-year-old Kennedy “looked to be radiating health,” said presidential historian Robert Gilbert. Kennedy wore a dark suit and had a wide smile and vivid tan.

Nixon, on the other hand, appeared pale and a bit listless. He had just gotten out of the hospital, where he had lost weight after a knee injury. In a gray, ill-fitting suit and hastily added pancake makeup, Nixon looked – even if he did not necessarily sound – a pale shadow of the aggressive, composed senator from Massachusetts.

“I was listening to it on the radio coming into Lincoln, Kansas, and I thought Nixon was doing a great job,” former Sen. Bob Dole, the GOP’s 1996 presidential nominee, recalled in a PBS interview. “Then I saw the TV clips the next morning, and he … didn’t look well. Kennedy was young and articulate and … wiped him out.”

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About 40% of the nation’s 180 million people tuned into the “Great Debates” of 1960, a series of four televised matchups between Kennedy and Nixon. Many political experts, like the New York Herald-Tribune’s Washington bureau chief Earl Mazzo, credited Kennedy’s debate performances for lifting him over the top in a tight election.

The forums’ wide exposure and impact on the election made them perhaps the most renowned political debates since 1858, when U.S. Senate candidates Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas faced off in Illinois towns.

The Nixon-Kennedy debates’ significance extended well beyond 1960. The use of television to transmit an image or idea instantly to millions soon made presidential campaigns more of a spectator sport.

“I don’t think it’s overstating the fact that, on that date, politics and television changed forever,” said Bruce DuMont, a nationally syndicated radio talk show host and president of the Museum of Broadcast Communications. “After that debate, it was not just what you said in a campaign that was important, but how you looked saying it.”

Cosmetic politics

Not everyone was impressed with the first debate or excited about the prospect that TV could change the face of politics.

One day after the Chicago encounter, CBS-TV newsman Edward R. Murrow said, “After last night’s debate, the reputation of Messieurs Lincoln and Douglas is secure.”

Historian Henry Steele Commager, in a subsequent New York Times piece, said he hoped “TV debates will be eliminated from future presidential campaigns” after the 1960 affairs.

“The present formula of TV debate is designed to corrupt the public judgment and, eventually, the whole political process,” he wrote. “The American presidency is too great an office to be subjected to the indignity of this technique.”