Ukraine: Kerry threatens further sanctions over 'craven' Russian actions

He blasted Moscow's repeated denials that it is involved in arming the separatists and sending its own troops over the border.

In this age of technology and satellites, Kerry said, "there is no secret" over what is taking place. "We know to a certainty what Russia has been providing to the separatists, how Russia is involved with the separatists," he said.

Kiev and a number of Western leaders have steadfastly accused Russia of failing to rein in separatists and of continuing to arm, supply and train them. European nations, the United States and others have imposed financial sanctions on Russian interests in hopes of pressuring President Vladimir Putin to help end the hostilities.

Russia, which seized Ukraine's Crimean peninsula in March, denies any direct involvement in Ukraine and says any Russian soldiers in Ukraine are volunteers fighting during their vacation time

Kerry's remarks come as a ceasefire which came into effect last Sunday remains in serious doubt.

A fierce separatist offensive to take the key strategic town of Debaltseve ended only Wednesday, when Ukrainian soldiers were forced to retreat.

Yuriy Biryukov, a presidential adviser and assistant to Ukraine's defense minister, said Saturday that 179 soldiers had died in the Debaltseve area between January 18 and February 18.

An additional 110 soldiers were captured and 81 are missing, Biryukov posted on Facebook. Some of the missing are still on their way out of Debaltseve, he said, while others have died.

Late Saturday, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said 139 Ukrainian soldiers had been released from captivity.

The release was part of a prisoner swap between Ukrainian and rebel forces in the eastern Donbass region; 52 pro-Russian separatists were also freed, according to Russian state news agency Itar Tass.

The toll makes the siege of Debaltseve -- a town now shattered by heavy shelling -- the Ukrainian military's deadliest single incident over the past 10 turbulent months.

Shelling has also picked up this week in Donetsk city and clashes are reported around the southern port city of Mariupol.

Ukraine's National Defense and Security Council said Friday there had been 300 instances in which this latest truce has been violated.

The ceasefire agreement -- signed February 12 in Minsk, Belarus, among the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France and Germany -- aimed to curb this violence. It is supposed to be followed by the withdrawal of heavy weaponry to create a buffer zone, the release of prisoners and steps toward new elections.

Months of devastating fighting has left nearly 5,700 people dead as of February 18, the U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights reported Friday. More than 1 million people have been displaced.

On Friday, Ukraine marked one year since the bloodiest day of protests in Kiev's Maidan, or Independence Square, against the country's then Russian-leaning leader and in favor of closer ties to Europe.

Some 49 people died on February 20, 2014, and close to 100 more suffered gunshot wounds when, according to protesters, government snipers opened fire on them.

Two days later, President Viktor Yanukovych fled the country, prompting Ukrainian activists to declare "victory in the Maidan" and promise a new day for a country long torn between its neighbors, Europe to the west and Russia to the east.

How things have changed. Today, the country is a powder keg driving spiraling tensions between the West and Moscow.

In Moscow, thousands of Kremlin supporters gathered Saturday for a demonstration to counter the Ukrainian commemorations.

Many waved flags and banners as they marched near Moscow's Red Square, while others chanted slogans including, "We won't give our country to the enemy" and "No Maidan in Russia."

In remarks Friday, Poroshenko claimed Russia had been working toward the breakup of Ukraine since before Yanukovych was ousted.

"Moscow was preparing to the liquidation and tearing Ukraine apart long before the victory of Maidan. They were expecting the fall of Yanukovych and accelerated the course of events," Poroshenko said to the families of protesters who died a year ago.

According to Ukrainian prosecutors, 77 people died in total during the 2014 protests, which were sparked by Yanukovych's decision to scrap a trade deal with the European Union and instead turn toward Russia.

The ensuing ouster of Yanukovych triggered more turbulence and violence.

By March, Russia had annexed Crimea. Weeks later, in April, pro-Russian separatist forces launched their bid to carve off the more Russian-leaning eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions from the rest of Ukraine.

In a speech to a London-based defense think-tank, the Royal United Services Institute, Britain's senior officer in NATO warned that Russia's expansionist ambitions could pose an "existential threat" to the world.

Russia is currently employing a "hybrid combination" of "coercion through rapidly generated conventional forces and subversion, through a number of means, both military and non-military," said Gen. Adrian Bradshaw, NATO's Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe.

This hybrid strategy can be used to set the scene for a "subversive takeover of territory," as seen in its takeover of Ukraine's Crimean peninsula last year shortly after large-scale military exercises by Russia on its side of the border, he said.

"We are today seeing conventional forces employed, albeit subject to continued brazen denials by the Kremlin, in eastern Ukraine," he added.

Russia's new strategy holds particular dangers for NATO, he said. Firstly, the use of subversive tactics initially makes it difficult to identify clearly "the hand of a hostile state government" in destabilization of a country, making collective decisions harder.

Secondly, its ability rapidly to generate large scale forces "could in future be used not only for intimidation and coercion but potentially to seize NATO territory, after which the threat of escalation might be used to prevent reestablishment of territorial integrity," he said.

And, Bradshaw pointed out, Russia is not the only threat to NATO states, citing also the danger posed by terror groups such as ISIS, also known as ISIL.

"Whilst the threat from Russia, together with the risk it brings of a miscalculation resulting in a slide into strategic conflict, however unlikely we see that as being right now, represents an obvious existential threat to our whole being, we of course face threats from ISIL and other instabilities to our way of life and the security of our loved ones."