DENVER (CNN) -- Timothy McVeigh, an extremist who wrote of making blood flow in the streets of America, was found guilty June 2 in the worst act of terrorism on U.S. soil, the bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building.
The jury of seven men and five women deliberated four days
before convicting McVeigh in the April
19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
The attack killed 168 people and injured hundreds.
McVeigh, 29, was found guilty of eight counts of capital murder
relating to the deaths of federal law enforcement agents
who were on duty at the time of the explosion at 9:02 a.m.
He also was found guilty of one count of conspiracy to use a weapon of mass
destruction, one count of actually using that weapon and one
count of destruction by explosive.
His alleged co-conspirator, Terry Nichols, will be tried
later.
With the guilty verdict, the trial moves into the penalty
phase, when the jury hears arguments for and against his
execution.
Prosecution lined up friends, family, evidence
In the well-disciplined court of U.S. District Judge Richard
Matsch, the prosecution presented a streamlined case, calling
137 witnesses over 18 days.
The government argued that McVeigh spent months planning the
bombing to avenge the government's deadly 1993 raid near
Waco, Texas.
Lead prosecutor Joseph Hartzler and his team interspersed
technical testimony with the emotional recollections of
rescue workers and survivors. On several occasions, some
jurors cried after hearing the harrowing tales of survivors.
Friends and family members took the stand against McVeigh.
His sister Jennifer and old friends Michael and Lori Fortier
testified of McVeigh's transformation from a decorated Gulf
War veteran into an extremist with a deep hatred for the
government.
The Fortiers, under a plea bargain, testified McVeigh told
them of his plans to bomb a federal building in Oklahoma City
about six months before the Murrah building blast.
Michael Fortier said he and McVeigh cased the federal
building together, and that McVeigh showed him an alley where
he planned to stash a getaway car. Lori Fortier described how
McVeigh made a model of the bomb's construction with soup
cans in her kitchen.
Jennifer McVeigh, 23, identified her brother's handwriting on
key evidence, and described the increasingly fatalistic
letters she received from him, including one saying,
"Something big is going to happen," shortly before the
bombing.
The prosecution also introduced a letter purportedly written
by McVeigh in which he wrote that his mindset had shifted
from the "intellectual ... to the animal."
Charred pieces of the Ryder truck that prosecutors said was used to carry the explosives -- including a 250-pound mangled axle -- were hauled before the jury. FBI witnesses said
explosives residue was found on a truck fragment and even on
the clothes McVeigh was wearing when he was arrested, shortly
after the bombing, near Oklahoma City.
Defense kept its case short, focused
The defense took just four days to call 25 witnesses. The
scaled-down approach came after Matsch refused to allow
theories of a larger conspiracy.
McVeigh did not take the stand in his own defense. Lead
defense attorney Stephen Jones suggested the real bomber was
killed in the blast, and suggested the evidence was
contaminated in the much-maligned FBI crime lab.
As a defense witness, FBI whistleblower Frederic Whitehurst
testified about potentially suspect evidence handling, but
admitted under cross-examination that he had "no knowledge of
any actual contamination of any evidence in this case."
Jones was restrained by Matsch's stipulation that all
testimony about the lab be directly related to the bombing
case. Matsch refused to allow into the record most of a
Justice Department report critical of the FBI crime lab.
The defense attacked the Fortiers' credibility, forcing
Michael Fortier to admit to drug use and to lying to the FBI. The jury heard FBI wiretap recordings of him telling friends he could make money selling his story. It also heard a CNN
interview a week after the bombing in which Fortier said he
did not believe McVeigh "blew up any building in Oklahoma."
But Daina Bradley, a key defense witness whom Jones had
promised would place someone besides McVeigh at the bomb
scene, changed her testimony, saying she also saw a
light-skinned man get out of a Ryder truck. The prosecution,
noting she admitted to a clouded memory and a history of
mental problems, suggested her testimony was unreliable.
The defense spent about $10 million trying to clear McVeigh.
Jones has estimated the cost of investigating the bombing and
prosecuting McVeigh at $50 million.