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The mapping may help determine where it is safe to build along the coast

TOPSAIL, North Carolina (CNN) -- Researchers are surveying the U.S. coastline to determine how much damage hurricanes do to beaches, in hopes of predicting which coastal areas are most vulnerable to storm destruction.

Topsail's beaches are prime targets for researchers, because they were hit hard by Hurricane Bonnie in September.

A hurricane's heavy winds and rains redistribute coastal sands into the ocean and elsewhere, so researchers are trying to determine exactly how much the coastal profiles change after a devastating storm.

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Scientists compare aerial and ground data to determine hurricane damage to beaches
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First, they survey changes on the ground. Then they fly over the affected area.

"We're looking to see where all the sand went," explained Jim Yungel, a remote-sensing researcher. "Did Hurricane Bonnie deposit sand on the beach or did it take sand away?"

Using a machine that bounces laser beams from the plane to the ground and back, Yungel can measure the nooks and crannies of Topsail coast. From the data collected, Yungel and his team will compile 3-D images of the area.

A researcher compares maps that show areas before and after Hurricane Bonnie

These images can be compared to maps made before and after the hurricane slammed the coast, allowing researchers to assess damage and changes. ( 192 K/ 5 sec. AIFF or WAV sound)

Their research shows not all hurricanes do the same amount of damage, Yungel said.

Community planners can use the researchers' findings to determine locations that should be avoided for construction.

The information shows "how far back from an eroding shoreline you should be to optimize your chances for safety," Yungel said.

Researchers are also looking at shorelines affected by other major hurricanes this season.

Correspondent Ann Kellan contributed to this report.