Rectal Cancer

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Rectal cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the rectum, which is the last eight to 10 inches of the large intestine. As the abnormal cells grow, they produce a mass called a tumor and may spread throughout the body.

A personal or family history of colorectal cancer, polyps and ulcerative colitis or other inflammatory bowel disease may increase the rectal cancer risk. Physical inactivity and a diet that is high in fat and low in fiber, fruits and vegetables may also pose a higher risk.

Rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, a change in bowel habits, urges to defecate that don't lead to a bowel movement, unexplained weight loss, unusual fatigue, change in the shape of the stool, cramps and abdominal pain, a long period of constipation, unexplained diarrhea and bloating are among the symptoms of rectal cancer.

Surgery is the most common treatment for all stages of rectal cancer, although specific treatments depend on how far advanced the cancer is and the health of the person. If the cancer is found at a very early stage, it can be removed without cutting into the abdomen, and the prognosis is excellent. If the cancer is larger, a portion of rectum may also be removed, which is called a wedge resection. Surgery to remove even larger amounts of tissue is called a bowel resection.

If the cancer involves lymph nodes or other areas of the body, radiation and chemotherapy are options, either before or after surgery, to remove the cancer in the rectum.

• Consider having colorectal polyps removed.
• Reduce the amount of fat in your diet, including meats, eggs, dairy products and oils.
• While experts recommend consuming plenty of fiber, about 25 grams daily, by eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain breads and cereals, one new study shows no protective effects of fiber.
• Take calcium supplements.
• New studies show that taking NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, may reduce the risk.
• Exercise regularly.
• Limit alcohol.