PMS

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Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to one symptom or a series of symptoms that usually occurs during the week or two before the onset of menstruation. The start of menstrual flow generally brings relief from PMS.

PMS stops at menopause.

Between 50 and 75 percent of women experience PMS during their child-bearing years. PMS seriously affects the lives of about 10 percent of women, requiring time off from school or work.

The cause of PMS is not known, but some experts believe a low level of the hormone progesterone is responsible. Other theories link the cause to nutritional or chemical deficiencies. Some recent studies suggest that severe PMS is associated with low levels of a brain chemical called serotonin.

Approximately 150 symptoms have been associated with PMS. The most common are bloating or swelling, headache, breast tenderness, food cravings, fatigue, depression, skin lesions (such as acne), and irritability, anxiety or anger. Menstrual cramps are not a part of PMS.

Several treatments reduce the severity of symptoms:

1. Medications, including pain relievers, antidepressants and diuretics.

2. Regular aerobic exercise.

3. Stress management and reduction.

4. Dietary changes. For example, reducing sodium intake and increasing intake of potassium and calcium may reduce fluid retention, and a high-fiber diet helps counter the constipation often associated with PMS.

5. Herbal remedies, such as chamomile and evening primrose oil.

6. B vitamins and mineral supplements.

Supplementing progesterone levels has met with mixed results. So far, U.S. experts cannot confirm that progesterone supplements alleviate symptoms.

• Get regular aerobic exercise.
• Follow a high-fiber, low-sodium diet.
• Reduce and learn to manage stress.