Asthma

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Asthma is a chronic lung disease that ranges from mild to life-threatening. A person with asthma has oversensitive airways. During an asthma attack, these passages narrow in response to some form of irritation, making breathing difficult. Something that initiates an asthma attack is known as a trigger.

Common asthma triggers include allergens (pollen, molds, animal dander, dust mites), smoke, strong odors or fumes, respiratory infection, cold air and exercise.

Anyone can get asthma, but it most often occurs in children under age 5 and in adults in their 30s. You are at greater risk of developing asthma if you have allergies or if one of your parents has asthma. People living in cities also have higher rates of asthma.

During an asthma attack, the airways become swollen and inflamed. The body secretes excess mucous that clogs the breathing passages. The muscles around the airways also tighten, further restricting breathing. Symptoms of an asthma attack include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and a tight feeling in the chest. In a severe attack, a person's lips and fingernails may turn a bluish color.

There are two basic categories of asthma medications:

1. Long-term control medicines - These drugs are taken on an ongoing basis to prevent or reduce inflammation in the airways, making an asthma sufferer less prone to attacks.

2. Quick-relief or "rescue" medicines - These are taken at the first sign of symptoms to relax muscles and open the airways.

• Identify and avoid asthma triggers.
• Take medication regularly, as directed by your doctor.
• Keep track of your condition and recognize when symptoms are worsening.
• Know how to respond when an asthma attack is beginning.
• Use a peak flow meter to help monitor your breathing.