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Launch Site Security in the PRC

Endnotes

1 Memorandum of Agreement on Satellite Technology Safeguards Between the Governments of the United States of America and the Peopleís Republic of China, February 11, 1993.

2 Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. ß 2778, International Traffic in Arms Regulations, 22 C.F.R., part 12D, 120-30.

3 Interview of Frank A. Cirillo, Director of Security, Lockheed Martin Company, October 6, 1998.

4 Interview of Frank A. Cirillo, Director of Security, Lockheed Martin Company, October 6, 1998. For a detailed discussion of PRC intelligence and technology transfer efforts, see Chapter 1, Volume I.

5 See the charts at the end of this chapter.

6 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

7 Ibid.

8 Comments of Defense Technology Security Administration monitor Joseph Chandler, April 9, 1998.

9 Memorandum from Sumner Benson to the Department of State, October 27, 1998.

10 "20/20", ABC News, November 29, 1998, Statement of Lt. Col. (Ret.) Allen D. Coates.

11 "Form, fit and function" data include the satellite-related "orbit requirements; launch window; weight; center of gravity; envelope; dynamic loading; power usage/conditioning; interface adapter requirements; environmental requirements; propellant requirements; frequency plans, including telemetry, tracking and control; safety plans; test flows; separation characteristics; ground handling/test equipment; and test/flight sequence."

12 Ibid.

13 Memorandum of Agreement on Satellite Technology Safeguards Between the Governments of the United States and the Peopleís Republic of China, February 11, 1993 and December 17, 1988.

14 Memorandum of Agreement on Satellite Technology Safeguards Between the Governments of the United States of America and the Peopleís Republic of China, February 11, 1993.

15 22 U.S.C. 2778; Department of Defense Authorization Act, Sec. 1513 (a).

16 See the chapter of this Report entitled "U.S. Export Policy Toward the PRC."

17 Previously, when satellites were on the U.S. Munitions List, Defense Technology Security Administration monitor were required to attend launches of U.S. satellites in the PRC. Following the change in licensing jurisdiction from State to Commerce, three launches were authorized in the PRC without any Defense Department monitors. Without Defense Department monitors at these launches, there can be no assurances as to whether any controlled information was or was not transferred. Since 1996, the Department of Commerce has resumed the practice of notifying the Department of State of all launches in the PRC and Defense Department monitors are assigned to such launches.

18 Interview of Joseph Chandler, September 30, 1998.

19 Department of State License Number 531326 issued to Hughes Aircraft Company, April 5, 1993.

20 Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, Technology Safeguard Monitoring for Foreign Launches of U.S. Commercial Satellites, Section 2.1.5.1, July 21, 1994.

21 Deposition of Lt. Col. Allen Coates, November 20, 1998.

22 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

23 Ibid.

24 Deposition of Lt. Col. Allen Coates, November 20, 1998.

25 Interview of Col. Nick Alexandrow, September 24, 1998.

26 Interview of Frank Cirillo, Lockheed Martin, October 6, 1998.

27 Deposition of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

28 Ibid.

29 Deposition of Lt. Col. Allen Coates, November 20, 1998.

30 Deposition of Keith Patterson, November 20, 1998.

31 Deposition of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

32 Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, "Technology Safeguard Monitoring for Foreign Launches of U.S. Commercial Satellites," July 21, 1993.

33 Deposition of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

34 Testimony of Capt. Steven Prichard, August 27, 1998. As is explained elsewhere in this Report, it was later determined that the encryption-decryption equipment was actually not recovered by Loral from the Intelsat 708 crash site. See chapter entitled "Satellite Launches in the PRC: Loral."

35 Memorandum of Steven Prichard, March 8, 1996.

36 Deposition of Lt. Col. Allen Coates, November 20, 1998.

37 Interview of Martin Dome, November 12, 1998.

38 Deposition of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

39 Interview of Alvin A. Ulsch, September 16, 1998.

40 "Technology Safeguard Monitor Training," HQ Air Force Space Command, June 17-19, 1998.

41 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

42 Ibid.

43 Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, "Technology Safeguard Monitoring for Foreign Launches of U.S. Commercial Satellites," July 21, 1993.

44 Interview of Maj. Mike Starring, December 10, 1998.

45 Ibid.

46 Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, "Technology Safeguard Monitoring for Foreign Launches of U.S. Commercial Satellites," July 21, 1993.

47 Interview of Maj. Mike Starring, December 10, 1998.

48 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

49 Ibid.

50 Ibid.

51 Interview of Col. David Garner, September 25, 1998.

52 Memorandum from MSgt J.C Chandler, Jr., April 12, 1998.

53 Optus B3 Weekly Status Report #3, Report of Kenneth E. Riggs, August 8, 1994.

54 Testimony of Steven Prichard, August 27, 1998.

55 Testimony of Steven Prichard, August 27, 1998; Deposition of Kenneth Davis, October 23, 1998.

56 Memorandum for Col. Nick Alexandrow from Capt. Steven Prichard, "Summary of Security Operations for Intelsat Program/XSLC," Undated.

57 Interview of Peter Snow, September 16, 1998.

58 Deposition of Lt. Col. Allen Coates, November 20, 1998.

59 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

60 Ibid.

61 Ibid.

62 Deposition of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

63 Memorandum from Steven Prichard, March 8, 1996.

64 Deposition of Kenneth Davis, October 23, 1998.

65 Ibid.

66 Ibid.

67 Interview of Peter Snow, November 24, 1998.

68 Deposition of Kenneth Davis, October 23, 1998.

69 Testimony of Steven Prichard, August 27, 1998.

70 Deposition of Kenneth Davis, October 23, 1998.

71 Orange County Business Journal, August 17, 1998.

72 Interview of Margaret Qualls, August 18, 1998.

73 Testimony of Margaret Qualls, August 27, 1998; Interview of Joseph Chandler, September 30, 1998.

74 Interview of Joseph Chandler, September 30, 1998.

75 Testimony of Margaret Qualls, August 27, 1998.

76 Interview of Joseph Chandler, September 30, 1998.

77 Interview of Frank Cirillo, October 6, 1998.

78 Interview of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

79 Deposition of Lt. Col. Allen Coates, November 20, 1998.

80 Interview of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

81 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

82 Interview of Keith Patterson, November 13, 1998.

83 Department of Defense Authorization Act.

84 Department of Defense Authorization Act, Subtitle B, Sec. 1511.

85 Deposition of David Tarbell, November 20, 1998.

Back  |  Forward


COX REPORT

Overview
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4

PRC Acquisition of U.S. Technology
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

PRC Theft of U.S. Nuclear Warhead Design Information
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

High Performance Computers
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

PRC Missile and Space Forces
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Satellite Launches in the PRC: Hughes
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Satellite Launches in the PRC: Loral
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6

Launch Site Security in the PRC
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 5 | 6

Commercial Space Insurance
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4

U.S. Export Policy Toward the PRC
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Manufacturing Processes
pages 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

Recommendations
pages 1 | 2 | 3

Appendices
pages introduction | A | B | C | D | E | F



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