Story highlights
NEW: Obama: "Like millions around the world, I was inspired by his words and leadership"
The anti-Communist dissident got into politics partly through his love of rock and roll
He had a puckish sense of humor and a deeply serious mind
He became president of Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution
Former Czech President Vaclav Havel, one of the leading anti-Communist dissidents of the 1970s and 1980s, has died at the age of 75, his spokeswoman announced Sunday.
“Vaclav Havel left us today,” Sabina Tancevova said in a short statement on Havel’s website.
Havel, a puckish, absurdist playwright turned political activist, spent four and a half years in prison for opposing Czechslovakia’s Communist government before emerging as a leader of the Velvet Revolution that swept it aside in 1989.
He went on to become president of Czechoslovakia, and of the Czech Republic when the country split in two at the end of 1992.
He died peacefully in his sleep Sunday morning in the presence of his wife, Dagmar, Tancevova said.
Prague Castle, the office of the Czech president, is flying a black flag Sunday, Czech Television reported.
The Czech government will meet in emergency session Monday to consider declaring a day of national mourning, the Czech News Agency reported.
A deeply serious thinker given to long, rambling statements in presidential speeches and conversation, Havel also had an impish sense of humor, reportedly whizzing through the long corridors of Prague Castle on a scooter after becoming president.
John Avlon: Vaclav Havel, a hero for today
It was his love of rock and roll as much as his moral outrage at the Communist system that brought him to prominence.
He co-wrote the influential Charter 77 anti-Communist declaration in protest at the arrest of a Czechoslovak rock band, the Plastic People of the Universe.
A perennial contender for the Nobel Peace Prize, Havel never won, but remained active in anti-Communist causes from Cuba to China until his death.
Transcript: Havel talks to CNN in March about unrest in the Arab world
He urged Chinese authorities to release dissident Liu Xiaobo, whose Charter 08 call for greater political freedom in China was inspired by Czechoslovakia’s Charter 77.
Havel and other Czech dissidents attempted to deliver a letter to the Chinese Embassy in January 2010, before Liu won the Nobel Peace Prize, but found the doors closed and no one to receive it.
It was an absurd scene that could have come out of one of the plays he wrote in the 1960s, poking fun at the Soviet-backed authorities who ruled his country at the time.
Theater proved a potent weapon against Czechoslovakia’s Communist rulers, who stepped down without a shot being fired in the weeks after the Berlin Wall fell, signaling the defeat of the region’s authoritarian Moscow-backed regimes.
Havel was unanimously elected president by the last Communist-run parliament of Czechoslovakia 22 years ago this month, and two months later delivered a speech to a historic joint session of the U.S. Congress.
The trip to Washington as president of his country came less than four months after Havel was last arrested by the Communist authorities, leading him to tell Congress dryly: “It is all very extraordinary indeed.”
His country joined NATO and the European Union under his stewardship, but he lost out on many of the major domestic political battles of his presidency, including his effort to keep Czechoslovakia together.
He resigned as president of Czechoslovakia after national politicians agreed to divide it in two, declaring, “I will not be president of a self-liquidating nation.”
He went on to be elected president of the Czech Republic twice before writing one final play, “Leaving,” about a politician preparing to hand over power to a successor he despises – widely considered one last dig at his perennial political opponent Vaclav Klaus, his successor as president.
Klaus Sunday called Havel a “symbol of our renewed nation.”
Havel’s former spokesman, Ladislav Spacek, declared that Sunday was “a cruel day,” but recalled that when Havel had an operation to remove part of a cancerous lung in 1996, doctors gave him only a few years to live.
Havel lived another 15 years, Spacek observed, saying people should be grateful for having had him as long as they did.
Havel spoke to CNN’s Jim Clancy in March, reflecting on links between the Arab Spring and the fall of Communism in eastern Europe.
“What is also sleeping under the surface and is invisible is a longing for certain elementary freedoms and that doesn’t usually break out just like that, by itself,” Havel said. “The snowball is created, it’s rolling and rolling and, very often, it turns into an avalanche.”
British Foreign Secretary William Hague called him a “Cold War hero” who “opened the door to democracy in Eastern Europe and will always be remembered.”
“Like millions around the world, I was inspired by his words and leadership. … Vaclav Havel was a friend to America and to all who strive for freedom and dignity, and his words will echo through the ages,” U.S. President Barack Obama said in a statement.
Former U.S. President George W. Bush described Havel as a “dignified, charming, humble, determined man” who “suffered much in the cause of freedom and became one of its greatest heroes.”
But in his typically understated way, Havel expressed more modest wishes for how history would remember him.
“I would be glad if it was felt that I have done something generally useful,” he said. “I don’t care much about personal fame or popularity. I would be satisfied with the feeling that I had a chance to help with something in general, something good. That history gave me that chance.”